Role of Muslim League in the Creation of Pakistan
INTRODUCTION
Anti partition agitation staged by
Hindus made it clear to the Muslims that they must have a separate political
Organization. In December,1906 Muslim Leaders from all over the Sub Continent
assembled in Dacca to attend the all India Mohammadan to establish a central
political organization for Muslims called the “All India Muslim League” .The
Muslim League was established with the primary aim of the protecting the
political rights of Indian Muslims and presenting their demands and problems
before the British Government.
FOUNDATION OF
MUSLIM LEAGUE
The success of Simla Deputation made
it imperative for the Muslims of the Sub Continent to have their own political
organization .In 1906 ,the Muslims of India founded a political party of their
own known as “All India Muslim League.”
CAUSES OF
MUSLIM LEAGUE’S FOUNDATION
The partition of Bengal by the
British Government in 1905 greatly embittered the relations between Hindus and
Muslims. The partition ensured a number of political benefits for the Muslim
but the Hindus reacted towards the partitions of Bengal in a hostile and
violent manner .This made it clear that the Hindus were not willing to give
Muslims their due share. This violent protest of the Hindus convinced the
educated Muslims that they could be redeemed only if they created their own
political force and their own leadership.
AIMS OF MUSLIM
LEAGUE
The aims of Muslim league are given
below:
1. To safe guard and protect Muslims interests
and to convey their demands to British Government.
2. To create a feeling of respect and
good will in Muslim for the British Government.
3. To promote brotherhood between the
different nations of India.
ROLE OF MUSLIM
LEAGUE
The role played by All India Muslim
League in the creation of Pakistan is summarized under:
1. Minto-Morley
Reform Act -1909
The Muslims under the able leadership
of the Muslim league now began to press for the separate electorate for the
Muslims. The authorities accepted their demand in Act, called “The Minto-Morley
Reform Act”, in 1909.
2. Lucknow
Pack-1916
In November 1916, two committees of
League and Congress met at Calcutta and drew an agreement draft of political
reform for India called “Lucknow Pact”. Through this pact the Congress
recognized the separate status of Muslims.
3. Simon
Commission
In 1927,Simon Commission was sent to
India under the chairmanship of Sir John Simon to settle Muslim Hindu
differences. It was rejected because there was no Indian member on the
commission.
4. Jinnah’s
Fourteen Points-1929
The Quaid-e-Azam refused to accept
the Nehru-report. In order to protect the Muslim’s point of view on the
political issues of South Asia,he prepared a draft of guiding principles
consisting of 14 points, popularly known as “Jinnah’s Fourteen Points.”
5. Allama
Iqbal’s Allahabad Address-1930
In 1930,in his presidential address
at annual session of League at Allahabad, Iqbal proposed the formation of a
separate Muslim State by combining Northern and South Western Muslim majority
region in Sub Continent.
6. Day of
Deliverance
On 22nd December, Muslim League observed
“Deliverance Day” to thank God for resignation of Congress Ministers.
7. Pakistan
Resolution -1940
The attitude of the Hindus made it
clear that the Hindus and Muslims were two separate nations. On March 23rd,at
the Annual session of Muslim League at Lahore, the famous resolution ,commonly
known as the Pakistan Resolution was passed. It presented by Maulvi Fazlul
Haq.Quiad-e-Azam said in his address:
“By all means Muslims are one nation and they need a separate homeland
where they could live their spiritual, cultural, economical, social and
political lives independently.”
8. Cripps
Mission-1942
Sir Stafford Cripps was sent by the
British Government to India, to discuss with Indian leaders, the future Indian
Constitution. His proposal was rejected by both the Congress and the League. The
Congress characterized them as “a post-dated cheque on a failing bank” Jinnah
said that:
“If these were accepted “Muslims would become a minority in their
majority provinces as well.”
9. Gandhi
Jinnah Talks-1944
Gandhi held talks with Jinnah to
discuss about the future of India, but no fruitful results came out of it
because Gandhi did not accept Muslims as a separate nation.”
Louis Fleisher wrote:
Louis Fleisher wrote:
“The wall between Jinnah and Gandhi was the Two Nation Theory .”
10. Simla
Conference -1945
Lord Wavell called a conference at
Simla. The conference failed to achieve any purpose due to one sided attitude
of Lord Wavell. In this conference, Quaid-e-Azam made it crystal clear that the
Muslim League can represent Muslims of India.
11. General
Elections-1945-1946
Elections for the central and
provincial assemblies were held in 1945-1946 in which Muslim League won 30
seats of central legislative meant for Muslims and 430 seats out of 495 in the
provincial legislative. Quiad-e-Azam
said on this occasion:
“I have no doubt now in the achievement of Pakistan. The Muslims of
India told the world what they want. No power of world can topple the opinion
of 10 crore Muslims of India.”
12. Cabinet
Mission-1946
Cabinet Mission a visited India in
1946 and submitted its recommendations to the Britishers. As a result Interim
Government was formed but Congress and League couldn’t co-operate amongst
themselves.
13. Delhi
Convention-1946
Quaid-e-Azam called a convention of
all the Muslim League members at Delhi. At the convention every member took the
pledge to under go any danger for the attainment of national goal of Pakistan.
14. 3rd June
Plan -1947
Lord Mount Batten prepared the plan
for transference of power according to the wish of people. He emphasized on the
partition of the country and told that it was the only solution of the Indian
political deadlock. Both League and Congress accepted the plan.
CONCLUSION
Muslim League thus got its object and
Pakistan was created on 14th August 1947.In short we can say that the creation
of Pakistan is the result of the ceaseless efforts of the Muslim League and the
great heroes which dedicated their lives for the creation of Pakistan. If there
were be no Muslim League the fate of the Muslims of the Sub Continent could not
be changed.
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