Initial Difficulties at the Establishment of Pakistan
PREFACE
The emergence of Pakistan, after a
long and arduous freedom movement, was infect a great victory of the democratic
idea of life. The Indian Muslims happily and valiantly laid down their lives
and properties to achieve a destination in which they saw the fulfillment of
their dreams of living an independent life free from Hindu or British
dominance. Quaid-e-Azam on 15th August, 1947 said:
“My thoughts are with those valiant fighters in our cause who readily
sacrificed all they had, including their lives, to make Pakistan possible.”
INITIAL
DIFFICULTIES OF PAKISTAN
From its very inception, Pakistan
faced a large number of problems. Some of the initial difficulties were:
1. Choice of
Capital and Establishment of Government
The first problem that Pakistan had
to face was to choose a capital to form a Government and to establish a
secretariat, Karachi was chosen as the capital of Pakistan. Quaid-e-Azam took
the office of the Governor General, Liaqat Ali Khan was appointed as Prime
Minister and a Cabinet of experienced persons was selected. Arrangements were
to be made to bring the officials who had opted for Pakistan from Delhi to
Karachi.
2. Unfair
Boundary Distribution
A boundary commission was set up
under a British Chairman, Sir Cyril Redcliff. He misused his powers and handed
over Muslim majority areas like Gurdaspur, Ferozpur, Jullander to India hence
providing them a gateway to Kashmir. Quaid-e-Azam called it:
“An unjust, incomprehensible and even perverse award.”
“An unjust, incomprehensible and even perverse award.”
3. The
Massacre of Muslim Refugees in India
On the birth of Pakistan, Hindus and
Sikhs became more furious. In a planned move, Muslim properties were set on
fire and they were compelled to leave Bharat for Pakistan with nothing but
their lives. Millions of refugees were killed before they reached Pakistan. Many
migrants were looted and had to be provided boarding immediately as they
reached Pakistan.
4. Division
of Military and Financial Assets
In order to embarrass Pakistan
financially, India did a lot of dishonesty in the matters of Pakistan which
were concerned with its benefits. Pakistan was promised to get Rs.750 million
but the Bharat Government refused to give. Pakistan received only 200 million. Pakistan
also did not receive the due share of the military assets. This dishonest
attitude put Pakistan into great difficulties.
5. Canal
Water Dispute
Most of the river flowing in Pakistan
have their origin in India. In 1948,india stopped water supply to Pakistani
canals to damage the Pakistani agriculture. However on 9th September, 1960 on
agreement called “Indus Basin Treaty” was signed between the two countries.
6. Kashmir
Dispute
Kashmir dispute is the most important
and unsolved problem. Kashmir is the natural part of Pakistan because at the
time of partition 85% of the Kashmir’s total population was Muslim. The Hindu
dogra rule ,who was secretly with the Government of India declared Kashmir as a
part of India. Pakistan has continuously insisted that Kashmir must get their
right of self determination but due to non-cooperation of India, Kashmir issue
still remain unsolved.
7. Constitutional
Problem
The constituent assembly failed to
frame a constitution even in eight years. Lack of a permanent constitution
created, chances of unscrupulous interference in democratic progress of
Pakistan.
8. Annexation
of Princely States
All Indian princely states were given
the right to link up with either of dominions. However, the fate of following
states remained undecided.
Junagadh
The Muslim Nawab governing Junagadh
favored in acceding to Pakistan. But Indian Government sent Army troops towards
Junagadh and occupied the state by force in November, 1947.
Hyderabad
Deccan
Hyderabad Deccan was the largest and
richest state ruled by Muslim ruler Nizam who decided to remain independent. But
pressure tactics began to be applied by Indian Government and Mount Batten
.India attacked Hyderabad on 13th September 1948 and forcibly annexed this
state to India.
9.Electrcity
Problem
Due to transfer of Muslim majority
areas to Bharat and unfair demarcation, electricity system of West Punjab was
disrupted, because all power stations were at Mundi, a predominantly Muslim
majority area, gifted to Bharat but Quiad-e-Azam said:
“If we are to exist as a nation, we will have to face the problems with
determination and force.”
CONCLUSION
Pakistan came into being as a free
Muslim state in quite unfavorable circumstances .It had no resources, it had no
resources, it had to build up its administrative machinery from a scratch. But
Supreme efforts were made by the Quiad-e-Azam and his collogues to grapple with
the situation .His golden principles “Unity” “Faith” and “Discipline” gave way
to Pakistan for a bright future of a strong and well developed country .In his
last message to the nation on 14th August 1948,he told the nation:
“The foundations of your state have been laid and it is now for you to
build and build as quickly and as you can.”
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