Fourteen Points of Quaid-e-Azam
INTRODUCTION
In 1928,an All Parties Conference was
convened to solve the constitutional problems of India. A committee was set up
under Pandit Lal Nehru. That committee prepared a report which is known as
“Nehru Report”. This report demanded “Dominion Status” for India. Separate
electorates were refused and the reservation of seats for the Muslims of Bengal
and Punjab was rejected. In this report, not a single demand of the Muslims was
upheld.
Since Nehru Report was the last word
from Hindus therefore Mr. Jinnah was authorized to draft in concise term the
basis of any future constitution that was to be devised for India. Originally
these demands were Fourteen in number and so they popularly came to be known as
“Jinnah’s Fourteen Points”.
In March 1929, at the annual session
of All India Muslim league, he declared his famous fourteen points.
JINNAH’S
FOURTEEN POINTS -1929
1. Federal
System
The form of the future constitution
should be federal with the residuary powers rested in the provinces.
2. Provincial
Autonomy
A uniform measure of autonomy shall
be granted to all provinces.
3. Representation
of Minorities
All legislative in the country and
other elected bodies shall be constituted on the definite principles of
adequate and effective representation of minorities in every province without
reducing the majority in any province to a minority or even equality.
4. Number of
Muslim Representative
In the central legislative, Muslims
representative shall be not less than one -third.
5. Separate
Electorates
Representative of communal groups
shall continue to be by means of separate electorates as at present provided it
shall be open to any community, at any time to abandon its separate electorate
in favour of joint electorate.
6. Muslim
Majority Provinces
Any territorial re-distribution that
might at any time be necessary shall not in any way, effect the Muslim majority
in Punjab, Bengal and N.W.F.P.
7. Religious
Liberty
Full religious Liberty, liberty of
belief, worship and observance, association and education shall be guaranteed
to all the communication.
8. Three-Fourth
Representation
No bill or resolution shall be passed
in any legislative or any other elected body if three-fourths of the members of
any community in that particular body oppose such a bill.
9. Separation
of Sind
Sind should be separated from Bombay
Presidency.
10. Introduction
of Reforms in N.W.F.P and Baluchistan
Reforms should be introduced in the
North-West Frontier Province and Baluchistan on the same footing as in other
provinces.
11. Government
Services
Muslims should be given adequate
share along with other Indians in the services of State.
12. Protection
of Muslim’s culture and Language
The constitution should embody
adequate safeguard for the protection of Muslim culture, language, religion and
civilization.
13. One-Third
Muslim Ministers
No cabinet, either central or
provincial be formed. Without being a proportion of at least one-third Muslim
Ministers.
14. Constitution
No change shall be made in the
constitution of state except with the concurrence of State constituting the
Indian Federation.
The reasonable and moderate demands
contained in the fourteen points, were rejected by the Hindus leaders which
considerably widened the gulf between the two communities.
IMPORTANCE OF
JINNAH’S FOURTEEN POINTS
A comparison of the Nehru Report with
the quaid-e-Azam’s Fourteen Points shows that the political gap between the
Muslims and the Hindus had really widened. Fourteen points of Quaid-e-Azam
became principles for Muslims of India. These points made it clear to Hindus
and British Government that Muslims of India. Those points made it clear to
Hindus and British Government that Muslims wanted their own identity without
influence by Hindus. Fourteen Points not only revived Muslim League but also
directed them on a new way. These points prepared the Muslims of India for a
bold step to struggle for freedom.
The importance of these points can be
judged by the fact that these points were presented in the Round Table
Conference of 1930.
As a result, these points became the
demands of the Muslims and greatly influenced the Muslims thinking for the next
two decade till the establishment of Pakistan in 1947.
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