Algorithm
A
series of instructions or procedural steps for the solution of a specific
problem.
Algorithm Code
A
system of coding data by the use of combination of letters to represent item of
information.
Alphanumeric Code
Pertaining
to character set or field of data in which the coded characters may represent
numerals or letters of the alphabets.
Analog Computers
Analog
computers are machines designed to perform arithmetical functions upon numbers
where the numbers are represented by some physical quantity.
Antivirus Utility
A
program that scans disks and memory for virus, detects and remove them.
Application Program
A
program forming part of a user’s job and written by the user. As distinct from
program forming part of the general purpose software used to manage the
operation of the total computer system.
ASCII Code
Acronym
for American Standard Code for Information Interchange.
Assembler
A
computer program that converts the assembly language program into machine on a
language.
Assembly Language
Any
symbolic language used for programming which must go through an assembler in
order to be converted into the machine code required for operation on a
computer.
BASIC
An
acronym for Beginner’s All-purpose Symbolic Instruction Code. It is a high
level programming language. Because of its simplicity and comparative power,
the language is much used on personal computers.
BIT
An
acronym for Binary digit, one of the two digits (0 and 1) used in binary
notation.
BUG
Any
mistake or malfunction of a computer program or system.
BYTE
A
set of bits considered as a unit, normally consist of 8 bits and corresponds to
a single character of information.
Character
One
of a set of symbols in a data processing system used to denote, for example the
numerals 0-9, the letters of the alphabet, punctuation marks, etc.
COBOL
COBOL
is an acronym for Common Business Oriented Language. It is an internationally
accepted programming language developed for general commercial use.
Code
The
representation of data or instruction in symbolic form.
Coding
The
written instruction for a computer coding is the part of activity of
programming.
Compilation
The
process of using a compiler to create an object program from a source language.
Compile
To
create an object program by means of a compiler.
Compiler
A
complex program which converts computer instructions written in a source
language into machine code.
Computer
Any
machine which can accept data in a prescribed form process the data and supply
the results of the processing in a specific format as information or as signals
to control automatically some further machine or process.
Computer Program
A
program written in a computer language. Computer Simulation, Representing a
system or a process by a computer model constructed from a computer program.
Computer Word
A
fixed sequence of bits, bytes, or characters treated as a unit and capable of
being stored in one storage location.
Constants
In
a program constants are items of data which remain unchanged for each run.
Cursor
A
special character, usually a flashing square block or underline, which
indicates the position on a screen at which the next information character will
displayed.
Data
A
general expression used to describe any group of operands or factors consisting
of numbers, alphabetic characters or symbols which denote any conditions, value
or state.
Data processing
The
operations performed on data, usually by automatic electronic equipment, in
order to derive information or to achieve order among files.
Debugging
Debugging
is the technique of detecting, diagnosing and correcting errors or bugs which
may occur in programs or system.
Decision Symbol
A
flow charting symbol used to indicate a choice or branching in the information
processing path. A diamond shape figure is used to represent this symbol.
Difference
The
result obtained in the arithmetic operation of subtraction.
Digit
A
component of an item of data.
Digital Computer
A
digital computer is a machine capable of performing operations on data
represented in digital or number form, Disk: A revolving plate upon which data
and programs are stored.
DOS
An
acronym for Disk Operating System.
Document
Any
form or voucher containing detail of some factors.
Documentation
It
is the process of collecting, organizing and storing all the information
related to a specific program like flowchart, algorithm, coding sheets, manuals
etc, on papers.
EBCDIC
EBCDIC
a data communication code in which 8 information bits are used to form 256
unique character codes. The term is an abbreviation of Extended Binary Coded
Decimal Interchange Code.
EOF BASIC
EOF
BASIC reserved word which is an abbreviation of End Of File.
Equivalence
A
logical relationship in which two statement are said to be equivalent.
Error
Any
condition in which the unexpected results of an compiled object code is
obtained.
Expression
The
symbolic representation of a mathematical or logical statement.
Field
A
sub division of a record containing a unit of information.
File
An
organized collection of records.
Floating Point Number
A
form of number representation in which quantities are represented by a number
called the mantissa multiplied by a power of the number base called exponent.
Flow Chart
The
diagrammatic representation of a sequence of events, usually drawn with
conventional symbol representing different types of events and their
interconnection.
Format
The
predetermined arrangement of data.
Function
That
part of a computer instruction which specifies the operation to be performed.
Giga
A
prefix denoting one thousand million.
Graphics
The
use of images generated by software for output to a graphic display.
Hard Disk
A
magnetic disk which is rigid.
High Level Language
A
computer language which is nearest to human language. A language in which each
instruction or statement corresponds to several machine code instructions.
Hybrid Computer
Any
mixed computer system in which analog and digital computing devices are
combined.
Hz
Abbreviation
of Hertz.
Information
These
are the result which is derived from the processing of data.
Input
The
process of transferring data, or program instructions, into memory
from
sone peripheral unit.
Instruction
That
part of a computer program which tells the computer what function to perform at
that stage.
Interprpeter
Software
that translates each statement of source program into a sequence of machine
instructions and executes these machine instructions one by one before
translating the next source language statement.
Jump
Synonymous
with branch.
Keyboard
An
input device to feed alphabetic and numeric data.
Kilobyte
1024
bytes.
Label
It
is a DOS command which is used to assign a lable to the disk.
Load
This
is BASIC command which is used to load a BASIC program from a secondary storage
device to computer’s memory.
Locate
This
is BASIC command which is used to show the location of cursor on the screen.
A
series of instructions which are performed repeatedly until some specified
condition is satisfied.
Machine Language
The
coding system adopted in the design of a computer to represent the instruction
of the computer.
Magnetic Disk
A
storage device consisting of a number of flat circular plates each coated on
both surface with some magnetable material.
Main Storage
The
store from which instructions are executed.
Megabyte
A
million bytes.
Memory
This
term is usually reserved for describing the internal store of a computer.
Microcomputer
A
computer based on microprocessor.
Modem
A
device which transmits over distances without error.
Nested Loop
Programs
fling technique in which a loop of instructions contains another loop, which
may in turn contain another, and so on.
Numeral
One
of a set of digits that may be used in a particular system of number system.
Numerical Data
Any
field of characters which contains numeric digits only.
Object Program
A
program in which language produced by translating the program written in source
language through the use of a compiler.
Operating System
A
set of programs which manages resources of computer include hardware, programs,
data and operators.
Output
Result
produced by a computer.
Output Device
The
device which produces the results from the computer in human readable form.
Printer
An
output device which produce results in printed form.
Procedure
The
sequence of steps required in order to solve a problem.
Program
A
set of instructions composed for solving a given problem by computer.
Programming Language
A
language used for writing computer programs.
Prompt
Any
message given to an operator by an operating system.
RAM
Abbreviation
of Random Access Memory. Memory into which data can be written and from which
data can be read.
Reserved Word
In
a programming language, a data name not available to the user because it has
some specific significance to the computer.
Resolution
The
number of individually addressable and variable picture elements available in a
graphic display.
ROM
Acronym
for Read only Memory. Memory containing information which is permanent and
which cannot be written to, but can be read by program functions.
RUN
The
performance of one program or routine.
Soft Copy
Output
from a computer process which is displayed on a visual display unit.
Software
The
term is applied to all those programs which in some way can assist all users of
a particular type of computer to make the best use of their machine.
Source Program
A
program written in a source language.
Statement
A
source language instruction.
Structured Programming
A
methodology for programming which involves systematic described in increasing
detail until the final stage of coding is required.
Subroutine
Part
of a program which performs a logical section of the overall function of the
program and which is available whenever the particular set of instructions is
required.
Sub scripted Variable
Whose
numeric value can change? It is denoted by an array name followed by a
subscript; e.g. A(5) or AB$(22).
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