Important Minerals
There are three types of minerals.
Metallic Minerals
1. Iron ore.
2. Chromites.
3. Copper etc.
Non-Metallic Minerals
1. Rock Salt.
2. Limestone.
3. Gypsum.
4. Marble, Gemstone, China Clay,
Fire Clay, Sulphure etc.
Power Resource Minerals
1. Coal.
2. Natural Gas.
3. Crude Oil etc.
Coal
We have not yet discovered coal
which can be used in engines. It is mostly used in manufacturing Calcium
Carbonate and bricks. Some coal is also used in homes. We have got coal from
various spots places but it is not of good quality. It fulfils 10% of our
needs.
Places
The biggest mines of coal is Salt
Ranges in Kohistan in the region of Makarwat in Punjab. In these regions coal
is also found in Dundot and Pudh. Like Makarwal some mines are such whose
tunnels are about nine miles long. In the province of Baluchistan many
reservoirs are found at other places. Coalmines are in Sharg, Hoset, Hernai,
Sar, Dagari, Sheeren Aab, Bolan, Aab and Mush. Processing plant is also set in
Shargh. In the lower regions of Sindh mines of Jhimpir and Lakhra are
important. Government is in search of more mines.
Mineral Oil
Minerals oil is very important in
modern age. It is used in factories, industries and transport. Motorcars,
tractors, train truck etc depending upon this oil. It is also used in homes.
Average production of oil in Pakistan cannot meet its needs. We are getting 10%
oil for our needs and the rest of the oil is imported on which we spend a large
amount of foreign exchange. Experts say that at certain we can get oil from the
sea. For this purpose we started digging in 1985 at the coast of our sea in
Karachi. At certain other places are digging our earth. If we succeed we shall
satisfy our need of oil from our our resources.
Places
We are getting oil from Khor,
Bhullian, Tut, Kot Sarug, Miyal, Dherznund (District Attock), Kazian (District
Rawalpindi), Dhodak (District Dera Ghazi Khan), Kursal ( District Jhelum), and
Khushkhali (District Badeen). The oil obtained from Attock, Jhelum and Chakwal
districts is refined in Morgah Refinery near Rawalpindi. Refinery means the
industry where crude oil is refined for different purposes.
Natural Gas
Natural gas is an important
discovery. We meet 35% of our need of energy from this gas. This gas is brought
in Lahore, Karachi, Faisalabad, Gujranwala, Sialkot, Peshawar and other cities
by means of pipelines. This gas is used in Industries and also in our homes as
fuel. Fine type of fertilizer is prepared in Multan by using this gas. This gas
is aslo used in manufacturing Rayon thread and Chemical materials.
Places
The reservoirs of natural gas are in
Sui, Uch, Zin, Kherpur, Muzrani, Hindi, Kundkot, Sarung, Dhodak, Peerkoh and
Dhullian.
Iron Ore
Iran ore is very important for the
progress of a country. We have set up a steel mill in Karachi with the
cooperation of Russia. In Pakistan, iron is not of good quality so it is imported
to meet our needs.
Places
The biggest reservoir of iron is
found in Kala Bagh. Some are also found in Chitral, Khuzdar, Chulgari and
Muslim Bagh. Iron obtained from Chitral and Nokundi is of good quality. Our
iron fulfills only 16% of our needs.
Copper
It is used in manufacturing electric
goods especially electric wires. In past it was only used in making coins and
utensils.
Places
Its reservoirs are in provinces of
Balochistan and Frontier. In Balochistan it is found in Saindak, Chaghi and
some other places. These reservoirs are refined by progressive corporation of
natural resources. Corporation is working on this plan with cooperation of
foreign experts. The work has been started on crude metal in Saindak and
Karachi Laboratory.
Saindak Copper Project
In Balochistan, large deposits of
copper, gold and silver have been discovered at saindak, Chagai and Amuri. The
economy of Pakistan is depended on these projects. China is collaborating with
Pakistan on these projects. According to an estimate saindak will give annual
production as below.
Copper = 16,000 Tones
Gold = 1.5 Tones
Silver = 2.75 Tones
Chromite
It is a white metal which is used to
make iron. It is also used in manufacturing certain instruments, aero planes
and colours. It is also used in the art of photography. It is exported to get
large amount of foreign exchange.
Places
Its reservoirs are the biggest of
the world in found Pakistan. Theses reservoirs are found in Muslim Bagh. Small
reservoirs are found in Chaghi, Kharan, Malakand, Mehmund and North Waziristan.
Rock Salt (Non-Metallic)
Pakistan has vast reserves of salt.
It is used in various eatables, the biggest is Khewra Mine. The area of this
mine is about 10500 square meters. It is producing high quality of salt from
centuries. Another mine is in Khushah. We aslo get salt from mines of Kala
Bagh, Jutta and Bahadur Khail. We get salt from seawater near Maripur and Coast
of Makran. This sea salt is used to preserve fish and is in some industrial
uses. The annual production during the year 2000-01 was 1275 tonnes.
Lime Stone
Limestone is very useful raw
material for cement industry. It is found in the northern and western mountain
areas of Pakistan mostly. Large deposits are found in Daudthail, Wah, Rohri,
Hyderabad and Karachi. The annual production of limestone is 9.9 thousand
tonnes.
Gypsum
It is a bright stone of white
colour. It is an important wealth of our country. It is used in manufacturing
cement, chemical fertilizer and plaster of Paris, Sulphuric Acid and Ammonium
Sulphate. It is also used in small industries. The annual production of Gypsum
is 358.5 thousand tonnes approximately.
Places
It is obtained from Salt range and
western mountainous areas of Pakistan. The important mines of Gypsum are in
Khewra, Dandot, Daudkhail, Rohri and Kohat.
Marble
It is a very beautiful stone of
white or black color. It is used in the floores or walls of building to make
them attractive and beautiful. A large quantity of white and black marble is
found in Cambelpur near Faith Jung in Kala Chitta Hills. District Muzaffarabad
and Mirpur of Azad Kashmir are other important areas where marble is found. The
annual production of marble is 586.6 thousand tones.
Places
In our country marble is of various
types. The best in Khyber Agency at Mullah Gori. It is Swat, Noshera, Hazara,
Gilgit and Chaghi.
Sulphur
It is the necessary part of
explosive material. It is very important for the defense of a country. It is
also used in making Sulphuric Acid and many other chemicals. We get crude
Sulphur which is made useful by our experts. Soon we will be able to meet our
needs of Sulphur. After cleaning Sulphur, it is also used chemical industries.
Industries are being set up in Quetta and Karachi.
Places
Its reserves are found in
Koh-e-Sultan (District Chaghi) and (District Karachi).
China Clay
China clays is found in Mangora
(District Swat) and Nagar Parkar (Sindh).
Fire Clay
It is used in making strong bricks
which is used in Kiln of bricks.
Places
It is found in Kohistan Nimak and
Kala Citta Hills. Its reserves also are found in Swat, Hazara and Malakand. In
Pakistan clay making Chini utensils are also found. This clay is also used in
making tiles and sanitary ware. Its reserves are in Swat, Hazara and Malakund.
Calcium Carbonate
It is used in manufacturing cement,
sugar and certain other materials. It is also used for the preparation of white
wash stone by burning it.
Places
Its reservoirs are found in several
parts of our country. Its vast reservoirs are Dandot, Daudkhail, Wah, Rohri,
Hyderabad and Karachi.
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