Means of Irrigation
Following
are the means of irrigation.
Canals
Pakistan
is irrigated by five rivers which are Ravi, Satluj, Jhelum, Chenab and Indus.
From these rivers canals have been dug. These are very suitable canals for two
points of view. Firstly, these rivers come back from ice covered mountains and
flow throughout the year. Secondly, they have the same slope.
Wells
Rainwater
which goes down in our land is collected in the rocks below. In this way a
large reserve of water is formed down in the earth. Wells are made to use this
water for irrigation. In Punjab a large number of wells have been dug,
especially in Tehsil Shakarghar (District Narowal), Gujrat, Lahore and Dera Ghazi
Khan Districts. Adequate Irrigation is done by wells. In the valley of Peshawar
also irrigation is done by wells. Due to enough rainfall water is not low
therefore wells are easily dug.
Tube Wells
In
the villages where the facility of electricity is available water is drawn out
by electric pumps. In this way more water is obtained from wells. So we get
more benefits by tube wells.
Dams/Ponds
At
many places water collected in ponds. Rain water is collected in them and is
used in the hours of need. In the same way in mountain areas, small dams are
made to stop water in small canals. Then small canals are dug to bring this
water in the fields. These dams are made in less high areas. At some distance
from Islamabad, Rawal Dam is made in the same way. By making many such dams in
Punjab in the districts of Attock, Rajanpur and Dera Ghazi Khan the deficiency
of water has been removed. Similar types of other dams are in provinces of
Frontier and Baluchistan.
Karez
In
Pakistan Baluchistan is more hot and dry. There is little rainfall small canals
become dry in summer due to intense heat. For irrigation underground houses are
made to save water from being absorbed and evaporated. Water is drawn out with
the help of Persian wheels and brought to fields.
Importance of Irrigation
Irrigation
means the artificial way of watering the crops. Irrigation is very important
for Pakistan. We have little rainfall therefore we get the help of irrigation
in preparing our crops. The progress of our country depends upon the means of
irrigation and their progress. All parts except northern mountains depend upon
irrigation. 67% of our land is irrigated due to little rainfall. The most
important means of our irrigation is our system of canals. Our canals irrigate
70% of our lands while 14% is left for tube-wells, Persian wheels Karez and
ponds.
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