Non-Aligned Movement
PREAMBLE
Non-Aligned Movement (NAM) is an
important world organization of the third world countries who do not wish to be
aligned with any of the big powers. The NAM can be defined as:
“The international forum of the people of the third World who openly
condemn and negate the lust for creating the spheres of influence by the super
powers and thus is an important and effective organ against Colonialism and
imperialism.”
REASONS FOR
THE FORMATIONS OF NAM
The World War ll divided the world
into two power blocs. The Western bloc being headed by U.S.A and the socialist
bloc being governed by U.S.S.R.
These two super powers involved in
cold war creating great problems for the smaller nations and under developed
countries. The best policy for such states would have been to isolate
themselves from the cold war of the super powers and fully concentrate on their
economic, social and cultural uplift .NAM is an organization to help these
nations to exist.
BANDUNG
CONFERENCE
A meeting of those countries of the
World who had no alignment with any super was held in Bandung(Indonesia) on
April 24,1955.It was held to discuss the problems faced by Afro-Asian countries
which was mainly to avoid the “Tug of War” of the super powers.
MAIN FEATURES
OF NAM OR PANJSHILA PRINCIPLES
The declared principles of NAM are:
1. Respect of
Independence and Sovereignty
To respect each others sovereignty, territorial
integrity and independence.
2. Avoid
Aggression
To refrain from acts of aggression or
use of force against any states.
3. Non
interference
Non interference in others
international affairs.
4.
Reorganization of Equality and Liberty
To recognize the equality and liberty
of all the Nations.
5. Peace
To live in a peaceful atmosphere.
OBJECTIVE OF
NAM
1. To promote good will and
cooperation among the Afro-Asian countries.
2. To consider social, economic and cultural problems of all participants.
3. To consider the problems like radicalism and coloniasm.
2. To consider social, economic and cultural problems of all participants.
3. To consider the problems like radicalism and coloniasm.
4. To access the position of
Afro-Asian states and their people in the world.
SUMMIT
CONFERENCES OF NON-ALIGNED MOVEMENTS
First Summit Conference
It was held at Belgrade (Yugoslavia)
in 1961 in which 25 nations took part. The rules for obtaining membership of
NAM were drafted.
Second Summit Conference
It was held at Cairo (Egypt) in 1964.
Third Summit Conference
It was held at Lusaka (Zambia) in
1970.51 countries participated in this conference.
Fourth Summit Conference
It was held at Algiers (Algeria) in
September 1973.In this conference the membership of Pakistan and China was
opposed by India.
Fifth Summit Conference
It was held at Colombo (Srilanka) in
August,1976.86 countries participated in this conference.
Opposition of radicalism and expansionism was declared .Arab cause was supported and USA was criticized for its annexation over Vietnam and Cuba.
Opposition of radicalism and expansionism was declared .Arab cause was supported and USA was criticized for its annexation over Vietnam and Cuba.
Sixth Summit Conference
It was held at Havana (Cuba) on 3rd
September,1979 to 9th September,1979.Pakistan attended this meeting for first
time as a member of NAM.
Seventh Summit Conference
It was held at Delhi (India) in March
1983.101 countries participated in this conference. Arab cause, Palestine War, South
African and Namibian struggle were discussed.USA was criticized for assisting
Israel.
Eighth Summit Conference
It was held at Harare (Zimbabwe) on
1st September 1986.Afghanistan Problem, Iran Iraq War, Palestine and Namibian
issue were discussed.
Ninth Summit Conference
It was held at Belgrade (Yugoslavia)
on 4th September,1989.
PAKISTAN -AS
THE MEMBER OF NAM
Pakistan joined NAM in 1979 although
it participated actively in the 1st Conference and attendee the 5th conference
as an observer. This was due to the fact that
Pakistan was a member of SEATO and CENTO .Pakistan got rid of these organizations
after the war with India(1965) and the debacle of East Pakistan (1971) when the
sponsors of SEATO and CENTO did not came to help it.
Today, Pakistan participates actively
in the programs of NAM and advocates affectively the problems relating to its
member countries. Pakistan placed the case of foreign interference in
Afghanistan in the Session of the 7th conference and was able to get most of
the members confirm Pakistan stand on the problem and its equitable solution.
CONCLUSION
The NAM re-affirmed the inalienable
right of all states to apply and develop their programs for peaceful uses of
nuclear energy for economic and social development.
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