Climatic Regions of Pakistan
Climate
The atmospheric conditions at any
conditions at any place are known as weather. Climate is a generalization of
the day to day weather conditions during the course of a year. It means average
weather, including its variation from season to season. Temperature, pressure, wind
rainfall etc. are the composite parts or elements of climate. The climate of a
particular place is controlled by several geographical factors like:
(a) Distance from the equator
(b) Distance from the Sea
(c) Altitude or height above sea
level etc.
Climate of
Pakistan
The whole of Pakistan lies in the
warm temperate zone. It lies roughly between 24 degree N and 37degree N
latitude. Pakistan is noted for hot summer and cold winters with semi-arid to
arid conditions prevailing in most parts, sub-humid conditions in a small area
in the north. The topographic diversity and location of large areas a long
distance from the sea have all the more intensified the climate contrasts. The
rainfall is generally low .The monsoons bring such marked characteristics that
a seasons in Pakistan.
1. Winter season (from November to
February)
2. Summer season (from March to June)
3. Monsoon or Rainy season (from July
to October)
Climatic
Regions Of Pakistan
Keeping in view the various climatic
factors, Pakistan can be divided into the following climatic regions:
1. Sub-Tropical
Continental Highland Type
This region includes the mountains in
the North and West of the Indus plain. In this region winters are cold and
lengthy and often the temperatures goes below the freezing point; and the
higher peaks remain snow -covered throughout the year. But here summer remains
short cool and temperature .The North Western mountain areas have less amount
of rainfall as compared to North Eastern mountains, e.g. from South of Kohat
and Waziristan rainfall decreases, so Quetta division in Baluchistan has a dry
climate and there the mean annual rainfall is not more than 50 to 100
millimeters. It mostly comes during winter and spring .The North Western
mountainous areas are less fertile and have barren rocks without any natural
vegetation. Due to some rain in winter and spring, some grass and shrubs
appear, which promotes the rearing of sheep and goats.
2. Sub-Tropical
Continental Plateau Type
This region includes the north
western part of Baluchistan Province. Here winters are cold ,and in summer
temperature goes higher enough and often dust storms prevail .Although it has
higher altitude ,but due to poor rainfall, these have turned into arid desert. In
these areas there is scarcity of rain water and it is less than 10 inches or 25
cm. annually ,but some of the places of these areas have the lowest rainfall
e.g. Nokundi has only 1.95 inches or 5 cm. of rainfall annually, and rain often
comes during the months of January and February.
3. Sub-Tropical
Continental Low Lands Type
This region includes the interior
areas of Punjab and Sindh provinces. It has generally arid and extreme climate.
Here summer remains long and hot, but winters are cool and short. It has the hottest
places of the country such as Jaccobabad and Sibbi.
The rainy season begins in the middle
of the summer months. The places which are situated near piedmont areas have
enough rainfall e.g. Sialkot has about 30 inches or 88.3 cm. of annual
rainfall. But the western part of this plain is drier than the eastern due to
very poor rainfall e.g. Thal and Cholistan desert in Punjab and Nara and
Tharparker desert in Sindh.
4. Sub-Tropical
Coastal Areas Type
This region includes the coastal
strip around Karachi and Makran coast in Baluchistan. Here due to the influence
of the sea,the temperature remains moderate ;the rainfall is about 7 inches or
18 cm. annually, but due to proximity of the sea ,a large amount of humidity
remains in the atmosphere. The influence of sea breeze during day time is felt
throughout the summer.
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