Definition of Enzymes
Enzymes are chemical compounds. They are protein in
nature. They are formed in living cells. They are not consumed in a reaction
but act as a catalyst as they only speed up the chemical reactions.
Types of Enzymes
There are two types of enzymes:
1. Intracellular Enzymes
2. Extracellular Enzymes
1. Intracellular Enzymes
They work within a cell, in which they are
produced.
2. Extracellular Enzymes
Some enzymes are secreted out of the cells where they work. They are called
extracellular enzyme. Bacteria and fungi secrete such extra cellular enzymes
into the medium in which they are growing. The higher organisms secrete
extracellular enzymes into the lumen of alimentary canal to act on the food.
The enzymes acting on the starch are known as Amylases; those acting on
proteins are known as Proteinases, while those acting on fats are known as
Lipases.
Characteristics of Enzymes
The characteristics of enzymes are as follows:
1. All enzymes are protein in nature; they can be destroyed by heating.
2. They act best within a narrow, temperature range.
3. They work efficiently in narrow range of acidity or alkalinity.
4. A particular enzyme forms the same end-product, because it acts on a
particular/specific substrate.
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