Chapter – 2
Data Processing
Data
processing often referred as D.P is a process of collecting the data together
and converting the data into information. The method used for collecting the
data may be manual, mechanical or electronic.
Data processing is a term mostly associated with business and commercial work.
Since computers are being used in the processing of data the term “electronic
data processing” may also be used.
Electronic Data Processing
Data
processing means transformation of data into more meaningful results for
carrying out scientific, business activities. The result of data processing is
called “information”. The transformation of data consist of a sequence of
operations. The sequence is called “procedure”.
Input -> Processing -> Output
Data processing is a system which takes data as an input, carries out the
required processing on the data and produces the information. The system is
called “MANUAL” when processing is performed by human beings and “AUTOMATIC”
when machines are used. When computers are used for data processing the system
is called “Electronic Data Processing”.
Elements of EDP
There
are five basic elements in a processing system which uses a computer for
processing data. These are hardware, software, user program, procedure and
personnels.
1.
HARDWARE
All
the physical parts which makes up a computer system called hardware i.e. all
the devices or peripherals which performs the data processing operations.
2.
SOFTWARE
Software
consists of programs and routines whose purpose is to make the computer useable
for the user. These software normally supplied by computer manufacturers or
software manufacturers.
3. USER
PROGRAM
A
program consist of a related instructions to perform operations. A data
processing job may require a number of programs.
4.
PROCEDURE
The
operations of data processing system requires procedure for use, in preparing
data, for operating the computer and distributing the output after processing.
5.
PERSONNELS
E.D.P
basically needs three kinds of skilled personnels.
a) System Analyst
b) Progammer
c) Operator
a) SYSTEM
ANALYST
System Analyst
studies information needs and data processing requirements, design a data
processing system and prepare specification.
b)
PROGRAMMER
A Programmer writes
a programmer on specification by System Analyst.
c)
OPERATOR
An Operator is a
person who operates the computer system.
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